Monogon

The monogon is a 1-sided polygon. It is highly degenerate. It can be embedded in a spherical geometry, with a single edge that covers an entire great circle and joins a vertex to itself. It is unique compared to other polygons, by having a vertex figure where two different vertices represent the same element.

Most definitions of a polytope do not allow for monogons, as they violate the diamond condition. However, a monogon can be seen as a map on a surface. It may also be seen as a generalized complex (see below).

Monogonal complex
A complex is an edge-colored graph where every vertex is adjacent to edges of all colors. If we generalize this notion to multigraphs, one can build a complex with two vertices joined with edges of two colors. As it turns out, the omnitruncate of this generalized complex gives a digon. This suggests that this complex may be regarded as the true monogon under a more general notion of polytopes.

One surprising consequence of this would be that a monogon would have two flags instead of one. We might think of them as belonging to two halves of a region enclosed by the monogon.

By adding more parallel edges of different colors, one might also build monohedra and higher-dimensional monotopes.