Circle

A circle, or 2-sphere is the set of all points on a 2D plane that are a certain distance away from a given point. This distance is called the radius. Circles not considered to be polygons, as circles cannot be meaningfully assigned any elements other than points.

A circle is a special case of an ellipse, where the eccentricity is equal to 0.

Circles are one of the fundamental figures in geometry.

Vertex Coordinates
Every point [x,y] is such that

x2 + y2 = r2

where r is the radius of the circle.

Special Properties
Circles have many unique properties among the 2D shapes. These include:


 * They are rotationally symmetric from every angle.
 * They have the lowest perimeter-to-area ratio of any closed 2D shape.
 * Their center of mass's cycloid is a straight line.